Forming Citizens or Nudging Returns? Reflections on the Syrian Displacement and Its Political Repercussions in Germany

The arrival of around 1 million asylum seekers in Germany in 2015, many from Syria, reshaped migration debates and exposed structural weaknesses. Initial solidarity soon turned into fatigue as local authorities struggled with reception capacities, including provision of housing and education. Public discourse shifted from humanitarian concerns to security narratives, contributing to the rise of the far-right Alternative für Deutschland and to the increase in political polarization. Policymakers responded with restrictive measures emphasizing control. Despite this, many refugees—especially Syrians—have successfully integrated into the labour market and society. However, recent political developments prioritize return over long-term inclusion, particularly after the regime change in Syria. The paper argues that forced or premature return policies overlook the complexity of migration processes and the need for stability in countries of origin. It concludes by advocating for policies that support long-term integration, voluntary return, and transnational engagement, while cautioning against the dominance of restrictive migration agendas.